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Connect the black lead to the negative - terminal of the booster battery. Connect the other end of the same black lead to the engine of the vehicle with the discharged battery. Damage to the vehicle may belt. WARNING: Always check local rules and Do not attempt to tow if the vehicle to be towed regulations before towing the vehicle on a public does not roll freely. It can be screwed in at the front or rear of the WARNING: Always observe the following vehicle, and is designed to be used for towing on firm precautions to avoid personal injury or damage to road surfaces only for a short distance and at low the vehicle: speeds.

Do not attempt to tow a vehicle if its electrical system is inoperative. Always ensure the ignition key is in the ignition WARNING: Always remove the towing eye and turned to the first accessory position to from the towing bracket after use. These operations Installing the Towing Eye will require extra effort. Always ensure the gear selector is in Neutral N Prise the cover plug out of the towing eye bracket, whilst towing. Please contact an approved Ford dealership regarding checking the transmission fluid.

Never tow the vehicle or lash it down at any of the suspension elements, as this may cause damage which might affect the safety of the vehicle. WARNING: Always observe the following precautions to avoid personal injury or damage to the vehicle: Ensure towing rope is horizontal and is pulling straight ahead. Angled pulling can damage the towing eye. Ensure that the towing rope is taut. If no fuel leak is apparent, reset the fuel pump shut-off switch by pushing in the reset button.

Your vehicle features a Fail Safe Cooling System, which prevents engine damage if the cooling system fails unexpectedly. This feature is standard. The vehicle will sense the engine overheating and automatically begin shutting down cylinders. This allows you to continue driving until it is safe to pull over. If the engine temperature warning indicators are activated, the Fail Safe Cooling System may engage.

A drop in vehicle speed and performance indicate the system is 1. Turn the ignition to the ON position. Pause for a operating. Make a further check for leaks in the fuel system.

This means that the Fail Safe system is personal injury, do not reset the fuel system shut unable to keep the engine cool enough to continue off switch if you see or smell fuel from the fuel operation without being damaged.

The engine will system. Drive your vehicle to a safe location and have the source of the problem determined as soon as possible. This is first and foremost for your own safety. Activation of the switch may also be caused through sudden vibrations e. The fuel system shut-off switch is located in the front passenger outboard foot well.

The reset button for the fuel system shut-off switch is accessible through an opening in the kick panel. Use the following procedure to reset the fuel system shut-off switch: 1. Turn the ignition to the OFF position. Visually inspect the engine compartment and underneath the vehicle for fuel system leaks. Typical Identification Plate Location.

A compliance plate is fitted to the such a vehicle could also be guilty of an offence vehicle and this contains codes which relate to under the regulations. Legislation requires that no alteration be made to a vehicle that would result in the vehicle not complying with the Design Rules referred to on the compliance label of the vehicle.

Such Laws must be complied with at all times. Failure to do so may result in Substantial Financial Penalties. A typical compliance plate is shown below. Compliance Plate. Should this decal become mutilated or unreadable, a new decal must be obtained and affixed to the vehicle.

To ensure contained compliance it is imperative that the engine and emission system is serviced according to the service procedures outlined in this manual. Should it become necessary to replace a component which affects vehicle emissions, it is mandatory that the replacement part be of the same calibration as the original part. The wheels contacting the ground could cause the vehicle to move. Use vehicle support stands and make sure the jack and jack stands are correctly located to prevent the vehicle from falling.

Never use the service jack to hoist the vehicle for any other service. Refer to the Owner Guide when using the jack supplied with the vehicle. The front and rear jacking point is located on the sill at the point where the rocker moulding has flat sections on the sill. CAUTION: Damage to the suspension, exhaust and or steering linkage components may occur if care is not exercised when positioning and aligning the hoist adaptors prior to lifting the vehicle.

The lifting points are part of the unit body structure. Preferred Lifting points for Territory. Vibration is any motion, shaking or trembling, that can be felt or seen when an object moves back Glossary of Terms and forth or up and down. Harshness An increase in speed at less than half throttle.

Although, a certain level of NVH caused by road and environmental conditions is Acceleration-Heavy normal. This section is designed to aid in the An increase in speed at one-half to full throttle, such diagnosis, testing and repair of NVH concerns. All internal combustion engines and drivelines produce some noise and vibration; operating in a real Amplitude world environment adds noise that is not subject to The quantity or amount of energy produced by a control.

Vibration isolators, mufflers and dampers vibrating component G force. An extreme vibration reduce these to acceptable levels. A driver who is has a high amplitude. A mild vibration has a low unfamiliar with a vehicle can think that some sounds amplitude. This is acceptable and has no detrimental effect on the locking axle function. As a Boom technician, it is very important to be familiar with Low frequency or low pitched noise often vehicle features and know how they relate to NVH accompanied by a vibration.

Also refer to Drumming. If, for example, the Bound Up vehicle has automatic overdrive it is important to test drive the vehicle both in and out of overdrive mode. Often a metallic or hard plastic humming sound.

Also describes a high frequency Hz The diagnosis and correction of noise, vibration and vibration. Vibration feels similar to an electric razor. Camber Clonk The angle of the wheel in relation to the true vertical A hydraulic knocking sound.

Sound occurs with air as measured looking from the front of the vehicle. Also described as Camber is positive when the wheel angle is offset so hammering.

A heavy or dull, short-duration, low-frequency sound. Occurs mostly on a vehicle that is accelerating or decelerating abruptly. Also described as a thunk. Constant Velocity CV Joint A joint used to absorb vibrations caused by driving power being transmitted at an angle. Caster Controlled Rear Suspension Height The angle of the steering knuckle in relation to the true vertical as measured looking from the side of the The height at which a designated vehicle element vehicle.

Coupling Shaft The shaft between the transfer case and the front drive axle or, in a two-piece rear driveshaft, the front section. CPS Cycles per second. Same as hertz Hz. Cracks A mid-frequency sound, related to squeak.

Sound varies with temperature conditions. Creak A metallic squeak. Item Description Cruise 1 True vertical Constant speed on level ground; neither accelerating 2 Positive caster nor decelerating. Chirp Decibel A short-duration high-pitched noise associated with a A unit of measurement, referring to sound pressure slipping drive belt.

A loud chuckle is The operation of the engine through the normal rpm usually described as a knock. This test is Click used for noise and vibration checks. A sharp, brief, non-resonant sound, similar to actuating a ball point pen. Driveline Angles from side-to-side wobble. Dynamically unbalanced The differences of alignment between the wheel and tyre assemblies can cause wheel shimmy.

Engine Misfire When combustion in one or more cylinders does not occur or occurs at the wrong time. Engine Shake An exaggerated engine movement or vibration that directly increases in frequency as the engine speed increases. It is caused by non-equal distribution of mass in the rotating or reciprocating components. Flexible Coupling A flexible joint. Item Description Float 1 Engine A drive mode on the dividing line between cruise and coast where the throttle setting matches the engine 2 Transmission speed with the road speed.

Similar to a flag flapping in the wind. Driveshaft Gravelly Feel The shaft that transmits power to the rear axle input A grinding or growl in a component, similar to the feel shaft pinion shaft. In a two-piece driveshaft, it is the experienced when driving on gravel. Grind Drivetrain An abrasive sound, similar to using a grinding wheel, All power transmitting components from the engine to or rubbing sand paper against wood.

Steady high frequency Hz noise. Vacuum Drivetrain Damper leak sound. A weight attached to the engine, the transmission, the Hoot transfer case, or the axle. It is tuned by weight and A steady low frequency tone Hz , sounds like placement to absorb vibration.

Drone Howl A low frequency Hz steady sound, like a A mid-range frequency Hz noise between freezer compressor. Also described as a moan. Also described as a hum. Drumming Hum A cycling, low-frequency Hz , rhythmic noise Mid-frequency Hz steady sound, like a often accompanied by a sensation of pressure on the small fan motor.

Also described as a howl. Also described as a low rumble, boom, or rolling thunder. Hz Hertz; a frequency measured in cycles per second. Dynamic Balance The equal distribution of weight on each side of the Imbalance centreline, so that when the wheel and tyre assembly Out of balance; heavier on one side than the other.

In spins, there is no tendency for the assembly to move a rotating component, imbalance often causes vibration. Inboard Toward the centreline of the vehicle. Intensity The physical quality of sound that relates to the strength of the vibration measured in decibels.

Isolate To separate the influence of one component to another. Knock A heavy, loud, repetitious sound, like a knock on the door. Also 2 Radial runout described as a hum. The operation of the engine through the normal rpm Rotary Blade Coupling RBC range with the vehicle standing still and the transmission disengaged. This test is used to identify This part is attached to the rear axle on 4WD engine related vibrations. It also has an internal electromagnetic To return to an unstressed position.

This mounts. Refer to Bound Up. Outboard Away from the centreline of the vehicle. Ring Gear The large, circular, driven gear in a ring and pinion Ping gear set. A short duration, high-frequency sound, which has a slight echo. Road Test The operation of the vehicle under conditions Pinion Shaft intended to produce the concern under investigation. The input shaft in a driving axle that is usually a part of the smaller driving or input hypoid gear of a ring Roughness and pinion gear set.

A medium-frequency vibration. A slightly higher frequency 20 to 50 Hz than a shake. This type of Pitch vibration is usually related to drivetrain components. The physical quality of sound that relates to its frequency.

Pitch increases as frequency increases Runout and vice versa. Radial Pumping Feel runout means measuring the out-of-round of the tyre A slow, pulsing movement. Shake A low-frequency vibration Hz , usually with visible component movement.

Usually relates to tyres, wheels, brake drums or brake discs if it is vehicle speed sensitive, or engine if it is engine speed sensitive.

Also referred to as a shimmy or wobble. Shimmy tyre rotates against the pavement. This condition can An abnormal vibration or wobbling, felt as a be present on perfectly round tyres because of side-to-side motion of the steering wheel in the variations in the inner tyre construction. This condition driveshaft rotation. Also described as waddle. Shudder Transient A low-frequency vibration that is felt through the steering wheel or seat during light brake application.

A noise or vibration that is momentary, a short duration. Slap Two-Plane Balance A resonance from flat surfaces, such as safety belt webbing or door trim panels. Radial and lateral balance. Squeak Whine A high-pitched transient sound, similar to rubbing A constant, high-pitched noise.

Also described as a fingers against a clean window. Squeal Whistle A long-duration, high-pitched noise. High-pitched noise above Hz with a very narrow frequency band.

Examples of whistle noises are a Static Balance turbocharger or airflow around an antenna. The equal distribution of weight around the wheel.

Wind Noise Statically unbalanced wheel and tyre assemblies can cause a bouncing action called wheel tramp. This Any noise caused by air movement in, out or around condition will eventually cause uneven tyre wear.

Thump A dull beat caused by two items striking together. Tick A rhythmic tap, similar to a clock noise. Tyre Deflection The change in tyre diameter in the area where the tyre contacts the ground. Tyre Flat Spots A condition commonly caused by letting the vehicle stand while the tyres cool off. This condition can be corrected by driving the vehicle until the tyres are warm. Also, irregular tyre wear patterns in the tyre tread resulting from wheel-locked skids.

Tyre Force Vibration A tyre vibration caused by variations in the construction of the tyre that is noticeable when the. The Write-up Job Aid serves as a place to record all important symptom information. NHV Diagnostic Guide serves as a place to record information reported on the Write-up Job Aid as well as data from the testing to be carried out. To begin a successful diagnosis, fill out the NVH Diagnostic Guide, record the reported findings, then proceed to each of the numbered process steps to complete the diagnosis.

Turn off the radio and the heating and cooling system blower. The service advisor must obtain as much information as possible about the concern and take a at a final conclusion.

Therefore, connect an accurate tachometer to the engine, even if the test drive with the customer. There are many ways a vehicle has a tachometer.

Use a tachometer that customer will describe NVH concerns and this will help minimize confusion arising from descriptive has clearly defined increments of less than 50 rpm. This ensures an exact engine speed reading. It is important that the concern is correctly interpreted and the customer descriptions are recorded.

A road test may be necessary if the proceed its appearance? A drive engine run-up DERU or a accurately begin the diagnostic process. A pre-drive check verifies that the eliminate many possibilities if carried out correctly.

During this brief inspection, take note of along or drive the vehicle to point out the concern. After Diagnostic Guide. It is important to know the reviewing this information, select and carry out the specific concern the customer has with the appropriate test s , proceeding to the next step of this vehicle. The cause can actually be test to carry out when identifying an NVH concern, some distance away, transferred from another especially when a road test with the customer is part of the vehicle.

The ideal the wheel bearings and other suspension testing route is an open, low-traffic area where it components contribute to a vehicle speed-related is possible to operate the vehicle at the speed in concern.

Inspect the vehicle for add-on items that that occurs when driving over a rough or bumpy surface. These tests help to determine if the concern is engine To carry out this test, proceed as follows: speed-related. This eliminates the It also helps to reproduce engine speed-related tyres, wheels, brakes and the suspension concerns that cannot be duplicated when carrying components as sources. Note the vehicle speed, the engine rpm and, if possible, determine the Brake Test vibration frequency.

A brake noise can be carrying out this test. This eliminates the engine and the torque converter as sources. Note the. Listen for the fuel pump, anti-lock brake system ABS and air suspension system noises. Then, search for a carrying out this test, inspect the engine and more precise location by using a stethoscope or transmission or transaxle mounts. WARNING: Block the front and rear wheels, and apply the parking brake and the service If no information is available from these sources, carry brake, or injury to personnel can result.

Qualifying the concern by the particular sensation present can help narrow down the concern. This diagnostic method analyzer, such as the EVA, to pinpoint accessory divides the problem into related areas to correct the vibrations.

An electronic listening device, such as an customer concern. Squeak and Rattle. While cranking Exhaust system or engine ground out.

Engine 3. Acceptable condition. Engine 4. Vehicle parked on a steep incline. Acceptable 3. Turning noise. Vehicle parked on a flat surface. Acceptable ABS sound. Vehicle with a manual transmission.

Operating Condition-Vehicle is Moving 5. Shifting speed. A high-pitch noise whine. Transmission with speed. Engaged in four-wheel drive. Depends more on where the vehicle is operated 1.

Normal sound changes. Do not bend the flange. Caused by morning brake application humidity and low disc brake pad temperature. FILL the transfer case axle to specification. CHECK the lubricant level and fill transfer case to specification. FILL the shifting from reverse to drive axle to specification. CHECK driveshaft balance. CHECK the coolant level.

CHECK the coolant for the correct mix ratio. CHECK engine operating temperature is within specifications. Using an also described as piston slap-noise is piston and the cylinder wall. EngineEAR, pull a spark plug or fuel most noticeable when engine is cold injector connector until the noise goes with light to medium acceleration-noise away. PULL a most noticeable when engine is connecting rod bearings and the spark plug or fuel injector connector warm-noise tends to decrease when crankshaft.

CHECK for most noticeable when engine is warm, bearings. CHECK at idle with injector disconnected, noise does not change. CYCLE the compressor on and off and listen for a change in pitch. FILL as necessary. CHECK the exhaust system hangers for damage.

DRAIN the fuel system and refill. CHECK the drive belt for wear common occurrence is during humid or damage. A small amount of noise is acceptable. CHECK that the through the steering wheel or seat exhaust system vibrates at the same frequency as the engine.

ADD km lb. Symptom Chart-Squeak and Rattle. This noise is normal and does not indicate a concern. CHECK for glazed linings. A brake disc with hard spots will also cause a squeak type noise.

CHECK the sub-frame for damage. CHECK the nuts and bolts are tightened to specifications. Produces a Hz frequency that changes with rpm. PURGE the air from the system.

REFER to worn. Section CHECK for a leak in the system. REFER distorted rotor slipper ring. CHECK the wheel, tyre and hub. CHECK the brake disc fins for material. Symptom Chart-Transmission Manual Vibration.

CHECK the bolts for damage. REFER to ADD fluid as necessary. CHECK that all end play and clearances are within specification. Pinpoint Tests The pinpoint tests are a step-by-step diagnostic process designed to determine the cause of a condition. It may not always be necessary to follow a pinpoint test to its conclusion. Carry out only the steps necessary to correct the condition. Then, test the system for normal operation. Sometimes, it is necessary to remove various vehicle components to gain access to the component requiring testing.

For additional information, refer to the appropriate section for removal and installation procedures. Reinstall all components after verifying system operation is normal.

Inspect the tyres for abnormal wear patterns. Go to A4. No Go to A2. For vehicles with standard brakes,Go to A4. No Vehicle is OK. TEST the vehicle for normal operation. Pedal pulsation coupled with noise during heavy braking or on loose gravel, bumps, wet or snowy surfaces is acceptable and indicates correct functioning of the ABS system.

Pedal pulsation or steering wheel nibble whose frequency is proportioned to the vehicle speed indicates a concern with a brake or suspension component. Yes Go to A5. No The brake system is operating correctly. NOTE: Begin at the front of the vehicle unless the vibration or shudder has been isolated to the rear. For vehicles with drum-in-hat parking brakes, proceed to the next test. For all other vehicles, apply the parking brake to identify if the problem is in the front or rear brake.

Release the parking brake immediately after the test. Yes Go to A8. No Go to A5. Refer to Wheel Bearing Check in this section. Yes Go to A6. TEST the system for normal operation. Yes Go to A7. After machining, make sure the brake disc meets the thickness specification.

Resurface the front brake discs. Road test the vehicle. Yes Go to A9. NOTE: Follow the manufacturers instructions to machine the brake discs.

Resurface the rear brake disc or drums. No Go to B2. To isolate the faulty injector, disconnect the injector electrical connector and listen for the noise. No Go to B3. Check for the belt tensioner bottoming at end of travel or not at end of stroke. No Go to B4. No Go to B5. No Go to B6. No Go to B7. Go to D2. While an assistant turns the steering wheel, listen for changes in sound pitch or loudness.

CHECK the fluid condition and level. No Normal system operation. Note the engine rpm. Place the weight at the tailpipe and test. Note the engine rpm if the noise occurs. No Go to E2. Test the system for normal operation. Yes Vehicle is OK. No Go to F2. No Go to F3. Yes Go to G2. No The suspension system is OK. For additional information, refer to Section Carry out a steering linkage test.

Refer to Tyre Wear Patterns chart in this section. No Go to G3. Carry out a shock absorber check. No Go to G4. No Go to G5. No Go to G6. No Suspension system is OK. Yes Go to H2. Conduct a diagnosis on other suspect systems. No Go to H3. No Go to H4. NOTE: Wheel or tyre vibrations felt in the steering wheel are most likely related to the front wheel or tyre.

Vibration felt through the seat are most likely related to the rear wheel or tyre. This may not always be true, but it can help to isolate the problem to the front or rear of the vehicle. Yes Go to I2. No The wheel and tyres are OK.

Yes Go to I3. Refer to the Tyre Wear Patterns chart in this section. No Go to I4. Yes Go to I5. A typical specification for total radial runout is 1. Yes Go to I8. No Go to I6. No Go to I7. A typical specification for radial runout is:. REFER to for the front suspension or for the rear suspension. A typical specification for total lateral runout is 2.

Yes Wheel and tyres are OK. Go to front page. Search results Search Haynes. The original Haynes Repair Manual - Based on a complete stripdown and rebuild of a vehicle. Ford Territory - Change.

Includes online edition! What's Included Use the online manual straight away. Print edition only! Online edition only! Choose your format Selection:. Full preview. Bundles include a printed and an online version and offer the best value.

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